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The plasticity index is the size of the range of water contents where the soil exhibits plastic properties. The PI is the difference between the liquid and plastic limits (PI = LL-PL). Soils with a high PI tend to be clay, those with a lower PI tend to be silt, and those with a PI of 0 (non-plastic) tend to have little or no silt or clay.
Since the Drucker–Prager yield surface is a smooth version of the Mohr–Coulomb yield surface, it is often expressed in terms of the cohesion and the angle of internal friction that are used to describe the Mohr–Coulomb yield surface. [2]
The two plastic limit theorems apply to any elastic-perfectly plastic body or assemblage of bodies. Lower limit theorem: If an equilibrium distribution of stress can be found which balances the applied load and nowhere violates the yield criterion, the body (or bodies) will not fail, or will be just at the point of failure.
A simple arithmetic calculator was first included with Windows 1.0. [5]In Windows 3.0, a scientific mode was added, which included exponents and roots, logarithms, factorial-based functions, trigonometry (supports radian, degree and gradians angles), base conversions (2, 8, 10, 16), logic operations, statistical functions such as single variable statistics and linear regression.
Problems can occur because, for anything but the simplest calculation, in order to work out the value of a written formula, the user of a button-operated calculator is required to: Rearrange the formula so that the value can be calculated by pressing buttons one at a time, while taking operator precedence and parentheses into account.
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Because is non-negative the plot usually omits the negative portion of the -axis, but can be included to illustrate effects at opposing Lode angles (usually triaxial extension and triaxial compression).
The quadratic Hill yield criterion [1] has the form : + + + + + = . Here F, G, H, L, M, N are constants that have to be determined experimentally and are the stresses. The quadratic Hill yield criterion depends only on the deviatoric stresses and is pressure independent.