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Human embryology is the study of this development during the first eight weeks after fertilization. The normal period of gestation (pregnancy) is about nine months or 36 weeks. The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization through the development of the early embryo until implantation is completed in the uterus .
Evolutionary embryology is the expansion of comparative embryology by the ideas of Charles Darwin. Similarly to Karl Ernst von Baer 's principles that explained why many species often appear similar to one another in early developmental stages, Darwin argued that the relationship between groups can be determined based upon common embryonic and ...
First attested in English in the mid-14c., the word embryon derives from Medieval Latin embryo, itself from Greek ἔμβρυον (embruon), lit. "young one", [1] which is the neuter of ἔμβρυος (embruos), lit. "growing in", [2] from ἐν (en), "in" [3] and βρύω (bruō), "swell, be full"; [4] the proper Latinized form of the Greek term would be embryum.
For example, the brain of a human embryo looked first like that of a fish, then in turn like that of a reptile, bird, and mammal before becoming clearly human. The embryologist Karl Ernst von Baer opposed this, arguing in 1828 that there was no linear sequence as in the great chain of being, based on a single body plan , but a process of ...
All the developmental processes listed above occur during metamorphosis. Examples that have been especially well studied include tail loss and other changes in the tadpole of the frog Xenopus, [32] [33] and the biology of the imaginal discs, which generate the adult body parts of the fly Drosophila melanogaster. [34] [35]
Organogenesis is the phase of embryonic development that starts at the end of gastrulation and continues until birth.During organogenesis, the three germ layers formed from gastrulation (the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm) form the internal organs of the organism.
Biological patterns such as animal markings, the segmentation of animals, and phyllotaxis are formed in different ways. [2]In developmental biology, pattern formation describes the mechanism by which initially equivalent cells in a developing tissue in an embryo assume complex forms and functions. [3]
Embryology is the subdivision of developmental biology that studies embryos and their development. The main article for this category is Embryology . Contents