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The redheaded pine sawfly, European pine sawfly or Neodiprion sertifer, is a sawfly species in the genus Neodiprion. Native to Europe, it was accidentally introduced to North America in 1925, where it has established itself as a commercial pest. [1] The larvae of Exhyalanthrax afer feed on N. sertifer cocoons.
The larvae feed on pine needles. [3] [4] Eggs are laid in rows in springtime, on pine needles from the previous year. Young caterpillars start feeding on the old needles near where they hatched, leaving the vascular bundles uneaten. Older caterpillars feed more widely, moving to other branches and eating whole needles except for the leaf sheath ...
Sawfly and moth larvae form one third of the diet of nestling corn buntings (Emberiza calandra), with sawfly larvae being eaten more frequently on cool days. [52] Black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) chicks show a strong preference for sawfly larvae. [53] [54] Sawfly larvae formed 43% of the diet of chestnut-backed chickadees (Poecile rufescens). [48]
In Europe, the larvae of Acantholyda erythrocephala are attacked by the parasitoid Tachinid fly Myxexoristops hertingi.In 2002, 2003 and 2004, in an effort to initiate a biological control programme in North America, pupae of this fly were imported from Italy and released in Ontario in an area of red pine (Pinus resinosa) infested with sawfly larvae.
Larvae are often gregarious, and sometimes there can be major outbreaks, thus these sawflies can be major forest pests at times. [1] These sawflies have the ability to compromise the health and ecological balance of forests. When the temperatures begin to rise, the sawflies become strengthened pests to these conifers.
Sirex noctilio, known as the European woodwasp, [1] European horntail woodwasp, [2] or sirex woodwasp, [note 1] is a species of horntail, native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Adults vary in length from 9 to 36 mm ( 3 ⁄ 8 to 1 + 3 ⁄ 8 in).
Rhyacionia buoliana, the pine shoot moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is native to North Africa, North Asia, and Europe, and invasive in North America and South America. Caterpillar Mounted male. The wingspan is 16–24 mm. The forewings are ferruginous-orange, often partly suffused with dark red and with several irregular variable ...
The females lay their eggs in slits cut in the needles. Upon hatching, the larvae feed on the older needles in June and July. Full-grown larvae (about 20 mm long) drop to the ground and spin cocoons. The adults emerge within a month and lay their eggs, the (second-generation) larvae from which feed from mid-August through September.