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  2. Unitary parliamentary republic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_parliamentary_republic

    A unitary parliamentary republic is a type of unitary state with a republican form of government in which political authority is entrusted to the parliament by multiple constituencies throughout a country. In this system, voters elect members of parliament, who then make legislative decisions on behalf of their constituents.

  3. List of official languages by country and territory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_official_languages...

    A language that uniquely represents the national identity of a state, nation, and/or country and is so designated by a country's government; some are technically minority languages. (On this page a national language is followed by parentheses that identify it as a national language status.) Some countries have more than one language with this ...

  4. List of countries by system of government - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    In a parliamentary republic, the head of government is selected or nominated by the legislature and is also accountable to it. The head of state is usually called a president and (in full parliamentary republics) is separate from the head of government, serving a largely apolitical, ceremonial role. In these systems, the head of government is ...

  5. List of official languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_official_languages

    Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Cherkess, Nogai and Russian) [67] Karelian: Karelia (authorized language; with Finnish and Veps) [81] Kashmiri: India (with 21 other regional languages) Jammu and Kashmir; Kazakh: Republic of Altay (official language; in localities with Kazakh population) [84] part of the People's Republic of China

  6. Unitary state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_state

    The French then later spread unitary states by conquests, throughout Europe during and after the Napoleonic Wars, and to the world through the vast French colonial empire. [1] Presently, prefects remain an illustration of the French unitary state system, as the representatives of the State in each department , tasked with upholding central ...

  7. Parliamentary republic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_republic

    A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (the parliament). There are a number of variations of parliamentary republics.

  8. Republic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic

    A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public affair' or 'people's affair'), is a state in which political power rests with the public through their representatives—in contrast to a monarchy.

  9. List of European Union member states by political system

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_European_Union...

    There are three types of government systems in European politics: in a presidential system, the president is the head of state and the head of government; in a semi-presidential system, the president and the prime minister share a number of competences; finally, in a parliamentary republic, the president is a ceremonial figurehead who has few political competences.