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  2. Kirchhoff's diffraction formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchhoff's_diffraction...

    A geometrical arrangement used in deriving the Kirchhoff's diffraction formula. The area designated by A 1 is the aperture (opening), the areas marked by A 2 are opaque areas, and A 3 is the hemisphere as a part of the closed integral surface (consisted of the areas A 1, A 2, and A 3) for the Kirchhoff's integral theorem.

  3. Diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction

    Diffraction is the same physical effect as interference, but interference is typically applied to superposition of a few waves and the term diffraction is used when many waves are superposed. [1]: 433 Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word diffraction and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660.

  4. List of optics equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optics_equations

    Defining equation (physical chemistry) List of electromagnetism equations; List of equations in classical mechanics; List of equations in gravitation; List of equations in nuclear and particle physics; List of equations in quantum mechanics; List of equations in wave theory; List of relativistic equations

  5. Transfer-matrix method (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer-matrix_method...

    It is possible to apply the transfer-matrix method to sound waves. Instead of the electric field E and its derivative H , the displacement u and the stress σ = C d u / d z {\displaystyle \sigma =Cdu/dz} , where C {\displaystyle C} is the p-wave modulus , should be used.

  6. Acoustic wave equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_wave_equation

    In physics, the acoustic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that governs the propagation of acoustic waves through a material medium resp. a standing wavefield. The equation describes the evolution of acoustic pressure p or particle velocity u as a function of position x and time t. A simplified (scalar) form of the ...

  7. List of equations in wave theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equations_in_wave...

    The wave envelope is the profile of the wave amplitudes; all transverse displacements are bound by the envelope profile. Intuitively the wave envelope is the "global profile" of the wave, which "contains" changing "local profiles inside the global profile".

  8. Acousto-optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acousto-optics

    The generated refractive index, (2), gives a diffraction grating moving with the velocity given by the speed of the sound wave in the medium. Light which then passes through the transparent material, is diffracted due to this generated refraction index, forming a prominent diffraction pattern .

  9. Fraunhofer diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_diffraction

    In optics, the Fraunhofer diffraction equation is used to model the diffraction of waves when plane waves are incident on a diffracting object, and the diffraction pattern is viewed at a sufficiently long distance (a distance satisfying Fraunhofer condition) from the object (in the far-field region), and also when it is viewed at the focal plane of an imaging lens.