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Arching or compressive membrane action in reinforced concrete slabs – Architecture – is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures. [7] Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations ...
Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, [1] and is the most widely used building material. [2] Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminium combined. [3]
It uses a simple Archimedes' screw to mix (clockwise) and to lift the concrete to the delivery chute. Ready-mix concrete (RMC) is concrete that is manufactured in a batch plant, according to each specific job requirement, then delivered to the job site "ready to use". [1] There are two types with the first being the barrel truck or in–transit ...
All concrete structures will crack to some extent, due to shrinkage and tension. Concrete which is subjected to long-duration forces is prone to creep. The density of concrete varies, but is around 2,400 kilograms per cubic metre (150 lb/cu ft). [1] Reinforced concrete is the most common form of concrete.
Stamped concrete is an architectural concrete that has a superior surface finish. After a concrete floor has been laid, floor hardeners (can be pigmented) are impregnated on the surface and a mold that may be textured to replicate a stone / brick or even wood is stamped on to give an attractive textured surface finish.
The adhesion of concrete or grout to prestressing strands, wires or bars, or to unstressed reinforcement, either through friction or mechanical interlock. [1]: 9 bond strength The resistance to separation of hardened concrete or grout from prestressing strands, wires or bars, or from unstressed reinforcement.
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The form of the expression for shrinkage halftime is based on the diffusion theory. Function 'tanh' in Eq. 8 is the simplest function satisfying two asymptotic conditions ensuing from the diffusion theory: 1) for short times ϵ ¯ s h ∝ t − t 0 {\displaystyle {\bar {\epsilon }}_{sh}\propto {\sqrt {t-t_{0}}}} , and 2) the final shrinkage ...