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In physical chemistry and chemical engineering, extent of reaction is a quantity that measures the extent to which the reaction has proceeded. Often, it refers specifically to the value of the extent of reaction when equilibrium has been reached.
Stoichiometry is not only used to balance chemical equations but also used in conversions, i.e., converting from grams to moles using molar mass as the conversion factor, or from grams to milliliters using density. For example, to find the amount of NaCl (sodium chloride) in 2.00 g, one would do the following:
The following formulas can be used to calculate the volumes of solute (V solute) and solvent (V solvent) to be used: [1] = = where V total is the desired total volume, and F is the desired dilution factor number (the number in the position of F if expressed as "1/F dilution factor" or "xF dilution"). However, some solutions and mixtures take up ...
However, most chemical literature traditionally uses mol/dm 3, which is the same as mol/L. This traditional unit is often called a molar and denoted by the letter M, for example: 1 mol/m 3 = 10 −3 mol/dm 3 = 10 −3 mol/L = 10 −3 M = 1 mM = 1 mmol/L. The SI prefix "mega" (symbol M) has the same symbol. However, the prefix is never used ...
In fractions like "2 nanometers per meter" (2 n m / m = 2 nano = 2×10 −9 = 2 ppb = 2 × 0.000 000 001), so the quotients are pure-number coefficients with positive values less than or equal to 1. When parts-per notations, including the percent symbol (%), are used in regular prose (as opposed to mathematical expressions), they are still pure ...
An increase of $0.15 on a price of $2.50 is an increase by a fraction of 0.15 / 2.50 = 0.06. Expressed as a percentage, this is a 6% increase. While many percentage values are between 0 and 100, there is no mathematical restriction and percentages may take on other values. [4]
4 and OH − do not account for a significant fraction of the total amount of ammonia except in extremely dilute solutions. [6] The concentration of such solutions is measured in units of the Baumé scale , with 26 degrees Baumé (about 30% of ammonia by weight at 15.5 °C or 59.9 °F) being the typical high-concentration commercial product.
Dry basis (also d.b., dry matter basis, DM) is an expression of a calculation in chemistry, chemical engineering and related subjects, in which the presence of water (H 2 O) (and/or other solvents) is neglected for the purposes of the calculation. [1]