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  2. Plant cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_cell

    Structure of a plant cell. Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.Their distinctive features include primary cell walls containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, the presence of plastids with the capability to perform photosynthesis and store starch, a large vacuole that regulates turgor pressure, the absence of flagella or ...

  3. Mitochondrion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrion

    The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. A mature red blood cell has no mitochondria, [19] whereas a liver cell can have more than 2000. [20] [21] The mitochondrion is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions.

  4. Mitochondrial biogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_biogenesis

    Mitochondrial biogenesis is the process by which cells increase mitochondrial numbers. [1] [2] It was first described by John Holloszy in the 1960s, when it was discovered that physical endurance training induced higher mitochondrial content levels, leading to greater glucose uptake by muscles. [3]

  5. Cytoplasm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasm

    The cytoplasm, mitochondria, and most organelles are contributions to the cell from the maternal gamete. Contrary to the older information that disregards any notion of the cytoplasm being active, new research has shown it to be in control of movement and flow of nutrients in and out of the cell by viscoplastic behavior and a measure of the ...

  6. Mitochondrial DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA

    Mitochondrial DNA is the small circular chromosome found inside mitochondria. These organelles, found in all eukaryotic cells, are the powerhouse of the cell. [1] The mitochondria, and thus mitochondrial DNA, are passed exclusively from mother to offspring through the egg cell.

  7. Cellular compartment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_compartment

    The nuclear envelope (membrane), a defining characteristic of the eukaryotic cell, was suggested to have arisen as an adaptation for segregating the original archaeal host DNA genome away from the proto-mitochondria, the main source of damaging reactive oxygen species. [6]

  8. Microtubule organizing center - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule_organizing_center

    Plant cells lack centrioles or spindle pole bodies except in their flagellate male gametes, and they are entirely absent in the conifers and flowering plants. [4] Instead, the nuclear envelope itself appears to function as the main MTOC for microtubule nucleation and spindle organization during plant cell mitosis.

  9. Mitochondrial fusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_fusion

    Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with the ability to fuse and divide , forming constantly changing tubular networks in most eukaryotic cells. These mitochondrial dynamics, first observed over a hundred years ago [ 1 ] are important for the health of the cell, and defects in dynamics lead to genetic disorders .

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