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Brahmagupta (c. 598 – c. 668 AD) was the first Indian scholar to describe gravity as an attractive force: [38] [39] [failed verification] [40] [41] [failed verification] The earth on all its sides is the same; all people on the earth stand upright, and all heavy things fall down to the earth by a law of nature, for it is the nature of the ...
Brahmagupta (c. 598 – c. 668 CE) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer.He is the author of two early works on mathematics and astronomy: the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta (BSS, "correctly established doctrine of Brahma", dated 628), a theoretical treatise, and the Khandakhadyaka ("edible bite", dated 665), a more practical text.
Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta is one of the first books to provide concrete ideas on positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero. [4] For example, it notes that the sum of a positive number and a negative number is their difference or, if they are equal, zero; that subtracting a negative number is equivalent to adding a positive number; that the product of two negative numbers is positive.
In physics, Hooke inferred that gravity obeys an inverse square law and arguably was the first to hypothesise such a relation in planetary motion, [19] [20] a principle Isaac Newton furthered and formalised in Newton's law of universal gravitation. [21] Priority over this insight contributed to the rivalry between Hooke and Newton.
The book begins its first chapter by discussing ancient history and old beliefs regarding gravity and what lies above. This includes a discussion of belief in gods and how those religious views were shaped by the existence of gravity and its prevalence on living beings and all matter. [ 1 ]
An illustration of God as the architect of the universe can be found in a Bible from the Middle Ages [6] and the comparison of God to an architect has been used by Christian apologists and teachers. Thomas Aquinas said in the Summa : "God, Who is the first principle of all things, may be compared to things created 'as the architect is to things ...
The first gauge model of gravity was suggested by Ryoyu Utiyama (1916–1990) in 1956 [1] just two years after birth of the gauge theory itself. [2] However, the initial attempts to construct the gauge theory of gravity by analogy with the gauge models of internal symmetries encountered a problem of treating general covariant transformations and establishing the gauge status of a pseudo ...
1911 – Max von Laue publishes the first textbook on special relativity. [52] 1911 – Albert Einstein explains the need to replace both special relativity and Newton's theory of gravity; he realizes that the principle of equivalence only holds locally, not globally. [53] 1912 – Friedrich Kottler applies the notion of tensors to curved ...