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An electret microphone is a microphone whose diaphragm forms a capacitor (historically-termed a condenser) that incorporates an electret. The electret's permanent electric dipole provides a constant charge Q on the capacitor.
An electret (formed as a portmanteau of electr-from "electricity" and -et from "magnet") is a dielectric material that has a quasi-permanent electrical polarisation. An electret has internal and external electric fields , and is the electrostatic equivalent of a permanent magnet .
First patent on foil electret microphone by G. M. Sessler et al. (pages 1 to 3) An electret microphone is a type of condenser microphone invented by Gerhard Sessler and Jim West at Bell laboratories in 1962. [24] The externally applied charge used for a conventional condenser microphone is replaced by a permanent charge in an electret material.
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English: A typical electret microphone preamp circuit uses a FET in a common source configuration. The two-terminal electret capsule contains an FET which must be externally powered by supply voltage V +. The resistor sets the gain and output impedance. The audio signal appears at the output, after a DC-blocking capacitor.
Gerhard M. Sessler (born 15 February 1931 in Rosenfeld, Baden-Württemberg, Germany) [1] is a German inventor and scientist. He is Professor emeritus at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology of the Technische Universität Darmstadt.
Contact microphones based on piezoelectric materials are passive and high-impedance, and they sound tinny without a matching preamp. Instead of being used as a microphone, they alternatively may be used to produce sound (typical used as the buzzer in computer motherboards ) by sending voltages to them.