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It is the most-used single-byte character encoding in the world. Although almost all websites now use the multi-byte character encoding UTF-8 , as of December 2024 [update] 1.1% [ 4 ] of websites declared ISO 8859-1 which is treated as Windows-1252 by all modern browsers (as required by the HTML5 standard [ 5 ] ), plus 0.3% declared Windows ...
Mojibake also occurs when the encoding is incorrectly specified. This often happens between encodings that are similar. For example, the Eudora email client for Windows was known to send emails labelled as ISO 8859-1 that were in reality Windows-1252. [4]
The decision to use any one encoding may depend on the language used for the documents, or the locale that is the source of the document, or the purpose of the document. Text may be ambiguous as to what encoding it is in, for instance pure ASCII text is valid ASCII or ISO-8859-1 or CP1252 or UTF-8. "Tags" may indicate a document encoding, but ...
In computing, a code page is a character encoding and as such it is a specific association of a set of printable characters and control characters with unique numbers. . Typically each number represents the binary value in a sin
[1] [2] It's by far mostly used for Russian, while a small minority of Russian websites use it, with 94.6% of Russian (.ru) websites using UTF-8, [3] [4] [5] and the legacy 8-bit encoding is distant second. In Linux, the encoding is known as cp1251. [6] IBM uses code page 1251 (CCSID 1251 and euro sign extended CCSID 5347) for Windows-1251.
Turbo coding is an iterated soft-decoding scheme that combines two or more relatively simple convolutional codes and an interleaver to produce a block code that can perform to within a fraction of a decibel of the Shannon limit.
In order to correctly interpret and display text data (sequences of characters) that includes extended codes, software that reads or receives the text must use the specific encoding that text was written in. Choosing the wrong encoding causes the display of often wildly-incorrect characters, known by the Japanese term mojibake. Because ASCII is ...
To convolutionally encode data, start with k memory registers, each holding one input bit.Unless otherwise specified, all memory registers start with a value of 0. The encoder has n modulo-2 adders (a modulo 2 adder can be implemented with a single Boolean XOR gate, where the logic is: 0+0 = 0, 0+1 = 1, 1+0 = 1, 1+1 = 0), and n generator polynomials — one for each adder (see figure below).