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In the 10th century, the cross became a more prominent symbol, and was often used as a finial instead of a spear point. Under Nikephoros II Phokas (r. 963–969) large crosses of gold and jewels were used as standards, perhaps carried on a pole or otherwise displayed on the flags.
The symbol is also called a "barbed cross" or an "arrow cross". An arrow cross in green was also the symbol of the Arrow Cross Party of Hungary. Cross erminée A cross erminée is a cross of four ermine-spots, with the heads meeting, sharing their spots. Historically borne by Hurston (Cheshire, England) c. 1490 and others [21] Avellane cross
The Heraclian dynasty was named after the general Heraclius the Younger, who, in 610, sailed from Carthage, overthrew the tyrant Phocas, and was crowned Emperor. At the time, the Empire was embroiled in a war with the Sassanid Persian Empire, which in the next decade conquered the Empire's eastern provinces.
The word cross is recorded in 11th-century Old English as cros, exclusively for the instrument of Christ's crucifixion, replacing the native Old English word rood.The word's history is complicated; it appears to have entered English from Old Irish, possibly via Old Norse, ultimately from the Latin crux (or its accusative crucem and its genitive crucis), "stake, cross".
Armenian cross: Symbol of the Armenian Apostolic Church, and a typical feature of khachkars. Also known as the "Blooming Cross" owing to the trefoil emblems at the ends of each branch. A khachkar (cross-stone) is a popular symbol of Armenian Christianity. Bolnisi cross: Ancient Georgian cross and national symbol from the 5th century AD.
Heraclonas was born in 626, in the suburban Palace of Sophianae.He was the son of Emperor Heraclius, and his niece-wife Martina, [7] [8] [9] and was born while Heraclius campaigned in the east against the Persians.
The Cross of Lorraine came from the Kingdom of Hungary to the Duchy of Lorraine. [1] In Hungary, Béla III was the first monarch to use the two-barred cross as the symbol of royal power in the late 12th century. [2] He probably adopted it from the Byzantine Empire, according to historian Pál Engel. [2]
A symbol similar to the cross, the staurogram, was used to abbreviate the Greek word for cross in very early New Testament manuscripts such as P66, P45 and P75, almost like a nomen sacrum. [5] The extensive adoption of the cross as a Christian iconographic symbol arose from the 4th century. [6]