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First Balkan War; Part of the Balkan Wars: Clockwise from top right: Serbian forces entering the town of Mitrovica; Ottoman troops at the Battle of Kumanovo; Meeting of the Greek king George I and the Bulgarian tsar Ferdinand I in Thessaloniki; Bulgarian heavy artillery
Bobroff, Ronald. (2000) "Behind the Balkan Wars: Russian Policy toward Bulgaria and the Turkish Straits, 1912–13." Russian Review 59.1 (2000): 76–95 online [dead link ] Boeckh, Katrin, and Sabine Rutar. eds. (2020) The Wars of Yesterday: The Balkan Wars and the Emergence of Modern Military Conflict, 1912–13 ISBN 978-1-78920-843-6
Map showing the borders of the Balkan states before and after both Balkan Wars.. The League of the Balkans was a quadruple alliance formed by a series of bilateral treaties concluded in 1912 between the Eastern Orthodox kingdoms of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, and directed against the Ottoman Empire, [1] which still controlled much of Southeastern Europe.
Yugoslav Wars; Part of the breakup of Yugoslavia and the post–Cold War era: Clockwise from top-left: Officers of the Slovenian National Police Force escort captured soldiers of the Yugoslav People's Army back to their unit during the Slovenian War of Independence; a destroyed M-84 tank during the Battle of Vukovar; anti-tank missile installations of the Serbia-controlled Yugoslav People's ...
Religion belief and practicing was banned, making Albania the first Atheist country in the world. Many people were killed for opposing the regime. Albania became isolated from the rest of the world. Enver Hoxha died in 1985, marking the beginning of the end of communism in Albania. In 1990 student demonstrations spread in many cities.
Srbija i Crna Gora u balkanskim ratovima 1912-1913 [Serbia and Montenegro in the Balkan Wars 1912-1913]. Beogradski izdavačko-grafički zavod. Rudić, Srđan; Milkić, Miljan (2013). Balkanski ratovi 1912-1913: Nova viđenja i tumačenja [The Balkan Wars 1912/1913: New Views and Interpretations]. Istorijski institut, Institut za strategijska ...
The non-recoverable casualties during the First Balkan War were 33,000 men (14,000 killed and 19,000 died of disease). To replace these casualties, Bulgaria conscripted 60,000 men between the two wars, mainly from the newly occupied areas, using 21,000 of them to form the Seres , Drama and Odrin (Edirne) independent brigades.
Spurred by the Ottomans' entanglement with Italy, Serbia and Bulgaria accelerated their negotiations for an alliance; however, their differences proved difficult to overcome, and only pressure from the Russian government, which was eager to regain ground in the Balkans, led to the signing of a treaty of alliance on 7 March [O.S. 23 February] 1912.