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Speciesism (/ ˈ s p iː ʃ iː ˌ z ɪ z ə m,-s iː ˌ z ɪ z-/) is a term used in philosophy regarding the treatment of individuals of different species. The term has several different definitions. [1] Some specifically define speciesism as discrimination or unjustified treatment based on an individual's species membership, [2] [3] [4] while ...
The tendency to avoid acknowledgment an obvious negative situation to avoid the negative feelings that may come with the acknowledgment of said situation. Outcome bias: The tendency to judge a decision by its eventual outcome instead of the quality of the decision at the time it was made. Pessimism bias
Paradox of the plankton: Why are there so many different species of phytoplankton, even though competition for the same resources tends to reduce the number of species? Sherman paradox: An anomalous pattern of inheritance in the fragile X syndrome. Taxonomic boundary paradox: The concept for a taxon can overlap in the past.
Objections to evolution have been raised since evolutionary ideas came to prominence in the 19th century. When Charles Darwin published his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, his theory of evolution (the idea that species arose through descent with modification from a single common ancestor in a process driven by natural selection) initially met opposition from scientists with different ...
Also called humanocentrism. The practice, conscious or otherwise, of regarding the existence and concerns of human beings as the central fact of the universe. This is similar, but not identical, to the practice of relating all that happens in the universe to the human experience. To clarify, the first position concludes that the fact of human existence is the point of universal existence; the ...
A Hobson's choice is a free choice in which only one thing is actually offered. The term is often used to describe an illusion that choices are available. The best known Hobson's choice is "I'll give you a choice: take it or leave it", wherein "leaving it" is strongly undesirable.
Prey switching is frequency-dependent predation, where the predator preferentially consumes the most common type of prey. The phenomenon has also been described as apostatic selection, however the two terms are generally used to describe different parts of the same phenomenon.
Also called functionalism. The Darwinian view that many or most physiological and behavioral traits of organisms are adaptations that have evolved for specific functions or for specific reasons (as opposed to being byproducts of the evolution of other traits, consequences of biological constraints, or the result of random variation). adaptive radiation The simultaneous or near-simultaneous ...