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The Chicago Manual of Style (abbreviated as CMOS, TCM, or CMS, or sometimes as Chicago [1]) is a style guide for American English published since 1906 by the University of Chicago Press. Its 18 editions (the most recent in 2024) have prescribed writing and citation styles widely used in publishing.
Except for a few minor differences, the style and formatting described in the ninth edition of the manual is the same as the 17th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style. While The Chicago Manual of Style focuses on providing guidelines for publishing, Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is intended for ...
"Chicago-style politics" is a phrase which has been used to refer to the city of Chicago, regarding its hard-hitting sometimes corrupt politics.It was used to refer to the Republican machine in the 1920s run by William Hale Thompson, as when Time magazine said, "to Mayor Thompson must go chief credit for creating 20th Century Politics Chicago Style."
In publishing, a note is a brief text in which the author comments on the subject and themes of the book and names supporting citations.In the editorial production of books and documents, typographically, a note is usually several lines of text at the bottom of the page, at the end of a chapter, at the end of a volume, or a house-style typographic usage throughout the text.
The abbreviation is used in an endnote or footnote to refer the reader to a cited work, standing in for repetition of the full title of the work. [1] Op. cit. thus refers the reader to the bibliography, where the full citation of the work can be found, or to a full citation given in a previous footnote.
Multiple American style guides, including The Chicago Manual of Style (since 2010), now deprecate U.S. and recommend US. For commonality reasons, use US by default when abbreviating, but retain U.S. in American or Canadian English articles in which it is already established, unless there is a good reason to change it.
Turabian was the graduate school dissertation secretary at the University of Chicago from 1930 to 1958. [1] The school required her approval for every master's thesis and doctoral dissertation. The various editions of her style guide present and closely follow the University of Chicago Press's Manual of Style ("Chicago style").
The Chicago Manual of Style (which uses non-bracketed numbers), 14th ed. 1993, writes in clause 15.8 (p. 494) "Note reference numbers. The superior numerals used for note reference numbers in the text should follow any punctuation marks except the dash, which they precede. The numbers should also be placed outside closing parantheses."