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Neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI), also known as hemolytic icterus or hemolytic anemia, [1] is a disease most commonly seen in kittens and foals, but has also been reported in puppies. It occurs when the mother has antibodies against the blood type of the newborn. A 7 day old foal with neonatal isoerythrolysis.
A hemolytic state exists whenever the red cell survival time is shortened from the normal average of 120 days. Hemolytic anemia is the hemolytic state in which anemia is present, and bone marrow function is inferentially unable to compensate for the shortened lifespan of the red cell. Immune hemolytic states are those, both anemic and nonanemic ...
Traumatic hemolytic anemia [2] Impact [2] Macrovascular defects-prostheses [2] Microvascular causes [2] Disseminated intravascular hemolysis [2] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura [2] Typical and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome [2] Other microvascular abnormalities; Hypersplenism [2] Hemolytic anemia due to toxic effects on the membrane ...
Spherocytes are found in immunologically-mediated hemolytic anemias and in hereditary spherocytosis, but the former would have a positive direct Coombs test and the latter would not. The misshapen but otherwise healthy red blood cells are mistaken by the spleen for old or damaged red blood cells and it thus constantly breaks them down, causing ...
A positive direct antiglobulin test differentiates immune-mediated hemolytic anemia from a nonimmune-mediated cause. Other situations such as liver disease, post-transfusion or immunoglobulin administration, renal disease, and malignancy can cause a positive direct antiglobulin test. [1]
The direct Coombs test is used to test for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, a condition where the immune system breaks down red blood cells, leading to anemia. The direct Coombs test is used to detect antibodies or complement proteins attached to the surface of red blood cells. To perform the test, a blood sample is taken and the red blood cells ...
The most common antibody isotype involved in warm antibody AIHA is IgG, though sometimes IgA is found. The IgG antibodies attach to a red blood cell, leaving their F C portion exposed with maximal reactivity at 37 °C (versus cold antibody induced hemolytic anemia whose antibodies only bind red blood cells at low body temperatures, typically 28–31 °C).
Heinz bodies are associated with the consumption of paracetamol (acetaminophen), garlic, [11] [12] and onions by cats, [13] dogs, and various primates. Thiosulfate compounds in the flesh of onions have been identified as the cause. Propylene glycol was once a common ingredient in soft moist cat food. According to the FDA "It was known for some ...