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Medicinal chemistry is a highly interdisciplinary science combining organic chemistry with biochemistry, computational chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology, statistics, and physical chemistry. Compounds used as medicines are most often organic compounds, which are often divided into the broad classes of small organic molecules (e.g ...
Biomimetic synthesis is a branch of organic chemistry which aims at designing and preparing natural product compounds in the laboratory using the biosynthetic pathways as a blueprint. This method is based on the mechanisms used by the living organisms for the synthesis of various compounds, which is usually done in a stereoselective and ...
Phytochemicals are chemical compounds produced by plants, generally to help them resist fungi, bacteria and plant virus infections, and also consumption by insects and other animals. The name comes from Greek φυτόν (phyton) 'plant'. Some phytochemicals have been used as poisons and others as traditional medicine.
Medical use of alkaloid-containing plants has a long history, and, thus, when the first alkaloids were isolated in the 19th century, they immediately found application in clinical practice. [206] Many alkaloids are still used in medicine, usually in the form of salts widely used including the following: [14] [207]
Metals in medicine are used in organic systems for diagnostic and treatment purposes. [1] Inorganic elements are also essential for organic life as cofactors in enzymes called metalloproteins . When metals are under or over-abundant in the body, equilibrium must be returned to its natural state via interventional and natural methods.
Medicinal plants are used with the intention of maintaining health, to be administered for a specific condition, or both, whether in modern medicine or in traditional medicine. [ 4 ] [ 48 ] The Food and Agriculture Organization estimated in 2002 that over 50,000 medicinal plants are used across the world. [ 49 ]
Organoboron chemistry is mainly of commercial value in the pharmaceutical industry. Triethylborane was used to ignite the JP-7 fuel of the Pratt & Whitney J58 variable cycle engines powering the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird. Organoboron compounds have long been discussed for use as boron delivery agents in neutron capture therapy of cancer. [50]
The purpose is to remove organic compounds that have a medium polarity which are considered more "drug-like". Ideally, polar compounds like salts , peptides , sugars as well as very non-polar compounds like lipids are left behind to simplify chromatography since they are not generally considered "drug-like".