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Predicted secondary structure of the Coronavirus SL-III cis-acting replication element, a genomic structure required for BCoV DI RNA replication [1]. Defective interfering particles (DIPs), also known as defective interfering viruses, are spontaneously generated virus mutants in which a critical portion of the particle's genome has been lost due to defective replication or non-homologous ...
Third degree sprains commonly result in a dislocation of the finger. [1] Injuries that force the finger towards the back of the hand may cause damage to the volar plate. [12] This is a ligament on the palm side of the hand that prevents hyperextension. [13] Volar plate damage may be assessed by pressing the finger bones from the back towards ...
Coxsackieviruses are divided into group A and group B viruses based on early observations of their pathogenicity in neonatal mice. [1] Group A coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a flaccid paralysis (which was caused by generalized myositis) while group B coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a spastic paralysis (due to focal muscle injury and degeneration of neuronal tissue).
A degloving injury is a type of soft-tissue avulsion injury that can occur anywhere in the body. [1] Commonly affected areas include the face, scalp, trunk, limbs, and genitalia. [ 1 ] Degloving injuries are caused by shearing forces that cause the soft tissue layers to get pulled apart.
A mallet finger, also known as hammer finger or PLF finger or Hannan finger, is an extensor tendon injury at the farthest away finger joint. [2] This results in the inability to extend the finger tip without pushing it. [3] There is generally pain and bruising at the back side of the farthest away finger joint. [3]
Anterior interosseous syndrome is a medical condition in which damage to the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN), a distal motor and sensory branch of the median nerve, classically with severe weakness of the pincer movement of the thumb and index finger, and can cause transient pain in the wrist (the terminal, sensory branch of the AIN innervates the bones of the carpal tunnel).
Non-freezing cold injuries (NFCI) is a class of tissue damage caused by sustained exposure to low temperature without actual freezing. [1] There are several forms of NFCI, and the common names may refer to the circumstances in which they commonly occur or were first described, such as trench foot, which was named after its association with trench warfare.
Most hand injuries are minor and can heal without difficulty. However, any time the hand or finger is cut, crushed or the pain is ongoing, it is best to see a physician. Hand injuries when not treated on time can result in long term morbidity. [6] Simple hand injuries do not typically require antibiotics as they do not change the chance of ...