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Separating the African (or Nubian–Somali plates) and Antarctic plates, the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) stretches 7,700 km (4,800 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean. With an average spreading rate of 14–15 millimetres per year (0.55–0.59 in/year), the SWIR is one of the slowest-spreading mid-ocean ridges on Earth.
The Burckle crater is an undersea topographic feature about 29 kilometres (18 mi; 16 nmi) in diameter [1] in the southwestern Indian Ocean. A team of Earth scientists called the Holocene Impact Working Group proposes the feature to be an impact crater ; these claims are disputed by other geologists .
The largest offset along the Southwest Indian Ridge (800 km (500 mi)) is located west of the PEFZ and east of the Du Toit fracture zone (45°S, 35°E; 53°S, 27°E). During the Late Cretaceous this offset was smaller than 250 km (160 mi). [4] Antarctic Bottom Water flows north through the PEFZ. [5]
The Ninety East Ridge at the centre of the picture and the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge on the upper left side. The Ninety East Ridge (also rendered as Ninetyeast Ridge, 90E Ridge or 90°E Ridge) is a linear intraplate rise on the Indian Ocean floor named for its near-parallel strike along the 90th meridian at the center of the Eastern Hemisphere.
The Rodrigues triple junction viewed from south. Note the "wake" of the eastward propagating triple junction. The Rodrigues triple junction (RTJ), also known as the central Indian [Ocean] triple junction (CITJ) is a geologic triple junction in the southern Indian Ocean where three tectonic plates meet: the African plate, the Indo-Australian plate, and the Antarctic plate.
Now located 1100 km from the CIR, hotspot crossed the CIR near 18-20°S, from the Indian to the African plate, at 47 Ma. The Réunion hotspot track includes the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge on the Indian plate which leads to the Indian west-coast where the newborn hotspot produced the Deccan Traps in north-west India at 66 Ma. [2] [1]
The Chagos–Lakshadweep Ridge (CLR), also known as the Chagos–Lakshadweep Plateau, [1] is a prominent volcanic ridge and oceanic plateau extending between the Northern and the Central Indian Ocean. Laccadive is an anglicized adaptation of the word Lakshadweep which means "One Hundred Thousand Islands".
The Diamantina fracture zone (DFZ, Diamantina zone) [1] [2] [3] is an area of the south-eastern Indian Ocean seafloor, consisting of a range of ridges and trenches. [4] It lies to the south of the mideastern Indian Ocean features of the Wharton Basin and Perth Basin, and to the south west of the Naturaliste Plateau.