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  2. Beneish M-score - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneish_M-Score

    Beneish M-score is a probabilistic model, so it cannot detect companies that manipulate their earnings with 100% accuracy. Financial institutions were excluded from the sample in Beneish paper when calculating M-score since these institutions make money through different routes.

  3. DuPont analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuPont_analysis

    The company's interest burden is (Pretax income ÷ EBIT). This will be 1.00 for a firm with no debt or financial leverage. [EBT/EBIT] The company's operating income margin or return on sales (ROS) is (EBIT ÷ Revenue). This is the operating income per dollar of sales. [EBIT/Revenue] The company's asset turnover (ATO) is (Revenue ÷ Average ...

  4. Debt-to-capital ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt-to-capital_ratio

    The ratio measures a company's capital structure, financial solvency, and degree of leverage, at a particular point in time. [1] The data to calculate the ratio are found on the balance sheet. Practitioners use different definitions of debt: Any interest-bearing liability to qualify. All liabilities, including accounts payable and deferred income.

  5. 3 steps to calculate your debt-to-income ratio - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/3-steps-calculate-debt...

    Your debt-to-income ratio (DTI) is your total monthly debt payments divided by your total gross monthly income. It helps lenders determine your approval odds and the likelihood of you being able ...

  6. Consumer leverage ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_leverage_ratio

    Consumer Leverage Ratio in the US. The consumer leverage ratio is the ratio of total household debt to disposable personal income. [1] In the United States these are reported, respectively, by the Federal Reserve and the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the US Department of Commerce.

  7. Debt-to-equity ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt-to-equity_ratio

    Closely related to leveraging, the ratio is also known as risk, gearing or leverage. The two components are often taken from the firm's balance sheet or statement of financial position (so-called book value ), but the ratio may also be calculated using market values for both, if the company's debt and equity are publicly traded , or using a ...

  8. Leverage (finance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leverage_(finance)

    In finance, leverage, also known as gearing, is any technique involving borrowing funds to buy an investment.. Financial leverage is named after a lever in physics, which amplifies a small input force into a greater output force, because successful leverage amplifies the smaller amounts of money needed for borrowing into large amounts of profit.

  9. Operating leverage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_leverage

    Operating leverage can also be measured in terms of change in operating income for a given change in sales (revenue). The Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) can be computed in a number of equivalent ways; one way it is defined as the ratio of the percentage change in Operating Income for a given percentage change in Sales (Brigham 1995, p. 426):