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Cervical dilation can be performed by temporarily stretching the cervix with a series of (cervical) dilators of increasing diameter. [11] Misoprostol prior to hysteroscopy for cervical dilation appears to facilitate an easier and uncomplicated procedure only in premenopausal women.
Dilation (or dilatation) and curettage (D&C) refers to the dilation (widening or opening) of the cervix and surgical removal of sections and/or layers of the lining of the uterus and or contents of the uterus such as an unwanted fetus (early abortion before 13 weeks), remains of a non-viable fetus, retained placenta after birth or abortion as well as any abnormal tissue which may be in the ...
In 2008, cervical cancer was the third-most common cancer in women worldwide, with rates varying geographically from less than one to more than 50 cases per 100,000 women. [ needs update ] [ 43 ] It is a leading cause of cancer-related death in poor countries, where delayed diagnosis leading to poor outcomes is common. [ 44 ]
Dilation and evacuation can be offered for the management of second trimester miscarriage if skilled providers are available. [6] Some women choose D&E over labor induction for a second trimester loss because it can be a scheduled surgical procedure, offering predictability over labor induction, or because they find it emotionally easier than undergoing labor and delivery.
Paracervical blocks involve injecting a needle around the edges of the cervix, which for some patients causes more discomfort, or is simply more anxiety-provoking than the dilation itself.
It has been estimated that cervical insufficiency complicates about 1% of pregnancies, and that it is a cause in about 8% of women with second trimester recurrent miscarriages. [2] A sign of cervical weakness is funneling at the internal orifice of the uterus, which is a dilation of the cervical canal at this location. [3]
Cervical effacement, which is the thinning and stretching of the cervix, and cervical dilation occur during the closing weeks of pregnancy. Effacement is usually complete or near-complete and dilation is about 5 cm by the end of the latent phase. [53] The degree of cervical effacement and dilation may be felt during a vaginal examination.
Hegar dilators are used to induce cervical dilation in order to gain entry to the interior of the uterus. During the process of dilation, the cervix may have to be stabilized with a tenaculum , and then the dilators are slowly entered into the cervical canal with a lubricant, starting with a thin, low Hegar number rod and progressing gradually ...