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Myotonia congenita is a congenital neuromuscular channelopathy that affects skeletal muscles (muscles used for movement). It is a genetic disorder.The hallmark of the disease is the failure of initiated contraction to terminate, often referred to as delayed relaxation of the muscles and rigidity. [1]
Myotonia is the defining symptom of many channelopathies (diseases of ion channel transport) such as myotonia congenita, paramyotonia congenita and myotonic dystrophy. [3] [4] Brody disease (a disease of ion pump transport) has symptoms similar to myotonia congenita, however, the delayed muscle relaxation is pseudo-myotonia as the EMG is normal ...
A fainting goat kid in the midst of a myotonic "fainting" spell. The Myotonic Goat or Tennessee fainting goat is an American breed of goat.It is characterised by myotonia congenita, a hereditary condition that may cause it to stiffen or fall over when excited or startled.
The channelopathies of human skeletal muscle include hyper- and hypokalemic (high and low potassium blood concentrations) periodic paralysis, myotonia congenita and paramyotonia congenita. Channelopathies affecting synaptic function are a type of synaptopathy .
It is characterized by generalized muscle weakness and low muscle tone. In its severest form, affected babies often die from respiratory failure. [6] To date, 9 gene mutations have been found to cause nemaline myopathy. 6 of the identified genes are associated with the actin filament, which is the basis for muscle contraction.
Paramyotonia congenita (PC) is a rare congenital autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder characterized by "paradoxical" myotonia. [2] This type of myotonia has been termed paradoxical because it becomes worse with exercise whereas classical myotonia, as seen in myotonia congenita , is alleviated by exercise.
Neuromyotonia (NMT) is a form of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability that causes spontaneous muscular activity resulting from repetitive motor unit action potentials of peripheral origin. NMT along with Morvan's syndrome are the most severe types in the Peripheral Nerve Hyperexciteability spectrum.
Few studies corroborate the effectiveness of exercise for limb–girdle muscular dystrophy. However, studies have shown that exercise can, in fact, damage muscles permanently due to intense muscle contraction. [24] Physical therapy may be required to maintain as much muscle strength and joint flexibility as possible.