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Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a diagnostic procedure used to investigate lumps or masses. In this technique, a thin (23–25 gauge (0.52 to 0.64 mm outer diameter)), hollow needle is inserted into the mass for sampling of cells that, after being stained , are examined under a microscope ( biopsy ).
[1] [4] Depending on the age and immune status of the patient more invasive procedures may be performed such as fine needle aspiration of the neck mass to facilitate a diagnosis. [4] In cases where the infection is thought to be associated with a sinus fistula it is often necessary to confirm the presence of the fistula through surgery or ...
–conducted to help the surgeon locate the tumor and address complications (i.e. the extent of the neoplasm and its resulting excision). Fine-needle aspiration - technique in helping the surgeon to physically diagnose the malignancy of the tumor; Neck dissection - only considered in the most extreme of cases before a parotidectomy.
Fine-needle aspiration is essential in order to obtain a sample of the thyroid tissue to allow for microscopic examination. This allows an experienced pathologist to differentiate ATC from other diseases, such as other forms of thyroid cancer. [ 2 ]
It is important to note that a NIFTP diagnosis cannot be made on the basis fine needle aspiration alone. Evaluation of a surgical resection specimen is required to rule out invasive growth. If molecular studies are applied to the fine needle aspiration material, an RAS mutation is the most common identification. [4] [15] [16]
Thyroglossal cysts can be defined as an irregular neck mass or a lump which develops from cells and tissues left over after the formation of the thyroid gland during developmental stages. [ 1 ] Thyroglossal cysts are the most common cause of midline neck masses and are generally located caudal to (below) the hyoid bone.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma is usually discovered on routine examination as an asymptomatic thyroid nodule that appears as a neck mass. In some instances, the mass may have produced local symptoms. This mass is normally referred to a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) for investigation. FNA accuracy is very high and it is a process widely used ...
If the nodule is malignant or has indeterminate cytologic features, it may require surgery. [2] A thyroidectomy is a medium-risk surgery that can result in complications if not performed correctly. Problems with the voice, nerve or muscular damage, or bleeding from a lacerated blood vessel are rare but serious complications that may occur.