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The wood is also used for the hubs of wagon wheels, as it is very shock resistant owing to the interlocking grain. [30] The wood, as 'red elm', is sometimes used to make bows for archery. The yoke of the Liberty Bell, a symbol of the independence of the United States, was made from slippery elm. [31]
The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Rubra' was reputedly cloned from a tree found by Vilmorin in a wood near Verrières-le-Buisson in the 1830s. [1] [2] It was listed in the 1869 Catalogue of Simon-Louis, Metz, France, as Ulmus campestris rubra, [3] and by Planchon in de Candolle's Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis (1873) as Ulmus libero-rubra: 'Orme à liber rouge' [:elm with red inner ...
The original Camperdown Elm, replanted near the location of its discovery c.1840 in Camperdown Park, Dundee; image taken in 1989. The Wych Elm cultivar Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii', commonly known as the Camperdown Elm, was discovered about 1835–1840 (often mis-stated as '1640') as a young contorted elm (a sport) growing in the forest at Camperdown House, in Dundee, Scotland, by the Earl of ...
Elm. American elm (Ulmus americana) English elm (Ulmus procera) Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii) Slippery elm, red elm (Ulmus rubra) Wych elm (Ulmus glabra) Eucalyptus. Lyptus: Flooded gum (Eucalyptus grandis) White mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides) Brown mallet (Eucalyptus astringens) [6] Banglay, southern mahogany (Eucalyptus botryoides)
Ulmus glabra, the wych elm or Scots elm, has the widest range of the European elm species, from Ireland eastwards to the Ural Mountains, and from the Arctic Circle south to the mountains of the Peloponnese and Sicily, where the species reaches its southern limit in Europe; [2] it is also found in Iran.
Elm wood is also resistant to decay when permanently wet, and hollowed trunks were widely used as water pipes during the medieval period in Europe. Elm was also used as piers in the construction of the original London Bridge, but this resistance to decay in water does not extend to ground contact. [56]
Burl wood is very hard to work with hand tools or on a lathe, because its grain is twisted and interlocked, causing it to chip and shatter unpredictably. This "wild grain" makes burl wood extremely dense and resistant to splitting, which made it valued for bowls, mallets, mauls and "beetles" or "beadles" for hammering chisels and driving wooden ...
The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × intermedia 'Lincoln' was selected from crossings of the Slippery, or Red, Elm Ulmus rubra (female parent) and the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila made in Aurora, Illinois, circa 1958 and patented in 1983 by Samuel Clegg of Clegg Landscaping, Plainfield, IL and Charles McFarland of Urbana, IL.