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Senegal is a Francophone country, where, as of 2024, 5.13 million (27.73%) out of 18.50 million people speak French. [2] In terms of usage, Wolof is the lingua franca and the most widely spoken language in Senegal, as a first or second language (80%). [3] Mande languages spoken include Soninke, and Mandinka.
Karipúna French Creole, spoken in Brazil, mostly in the state of Amapá. (not confuse with Karipuna or Palikúr a native Arawakan language of Amapá State) Lanc-Patuá, spoken more widely in the state of Amapá, is a variety of the former, possibly the same language. Indian Ocean
Because of this history, French is the official language, but it is understood by only a minority of the population. [20] Over 30 languages are spoken in Senegal. Wolof is the most widely spoken one, with 80% of the population speaking it as a first or second language, [21] acting as Senegal's lingua franca alongside French.
The majority of speakers are multilingual, with languages dependent on their life history. The most common other languages in speakers' repertoires are French, Wolof and other Joola languages. [6] French is the official language of Senegal, retained after independence from France and is the official language of instruction in schools.
Senegal has among its population many Africans from other countries. There are small Ivorian communities in Dakar, as well as many Nigerians, most of which being Hausa. Malians go almost unnoticed in Senegal because their culture is so similar to that of the Senegalese. There is a large Cape Verdean community in Dakar.
The nomadic Fula people have also spread their languages from Senegal across the western and central Sahel. The most populous unitary language is Wolof , the national language of Senegal, with four million native speakers and millions more second-language users.
The Armenian language was a diglossic language for much of its history, with Classical Armenian serving as the "high" literary standard and liturgical language, and the Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian dialects serving as the vernacular language of the Armenian people. Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian were eventually standardized into ...
Unlike most other languages of its family, Wolof is not a tonal language. Wolof is the most widely spoken language in Senegal, spoken natively by the Wolof people (40% of the population) but also by most other Senegalese as a second language. [3] Wolof dialects vary geographically and between rural and urban areas.