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  2. Criticism of Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Islam

    Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the Turkish Republic, described Islam as the religion of the Arabs that loosened the national nexus of Turkish nation, got national excitement numb. [257] In the early 20th century, the prevailing view among Europeans was that Islam was the root cause of Arab "backwardness".

  3. Criticism of the Quran - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran

    The Christian doctrine of the Trinity states that God is a single being who exists, simultaneously and eternally, as a communion of three distinct persons, the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. In Islam, such plurality in God is a denial of monotheism and thus a sin of shirk, [308] which is considered to be a major 'al-Kaba'ir' sin. [309] [310]

  4. Religion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion

    Islam is a monotheistic [139] religion based on the Quran, [139] one of the holy books considered by Muslims to be revealed by God, and on the teachings (hadith) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, a major political and religious figure of the 7th century CE. Islam is based on the unity of all religious philosophies and accepts all of the ...

  5. Liberalism and progressivism within Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and...

    Islam Without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-07086-6. Alrabaa, Sami (2010). Veiled Atrocities: True Stories of Oppression in Saudi Arabia. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-61614-159-2. Al-Rasheed, Madawi (2007). Contesting the Saudi State: Islamic Voices from a New Generation. New York ...

  6. Outline of Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Islam

    Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God [1] and that Muhammad is His last Messenger. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Islam.

  7. Islam and other religions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_other_religions

    In Egypt, a 16 December 2006 judgement of the Supreme Administrative Council created a clear demarcation between "recognized religions"—Islam, Christianity and Judaism—and all other religious beliefs; the ruling effectively delegitimatizes and forbids the practice of all but these aforementioned religions.

  8. History of Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islam

    The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.

  9. Five Pillars of Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam

    An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5. Levy, Reuben (1957). The Social Structure of Islam. UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09182-4. Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei (2002). Islamic teachings: An Overview and a Glance at the Life of the Holy Prophet of ...