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The term was coined by Jaynes, who presented the idea in his 1976 book The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind, [1] wherein he makes the case that a bicameral mentality was the normal and ubiquitous state of the human mind as recently as 3,000 years ago, at the end of the Mediterranean Bronze Age.
"Reflections on Julian Jaynes's The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind: An Essay Review" (PDF). ETC: A Review of General Semantics. 35 (3): 314– 327. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 14, 2021; Wile, L. (2018). The Jaynes Legacy: Shining New Light Through the Cracks of the Bicameral Mind. Imprint Academic.
When this is the case, the legislature may be called an example of perfect bicameralism. However, in many parliamentary and semi-presidential systems, the house to which the executive is responsible (e.g. House of Commons of the UK and National Assembly of France ) can overrule the other house (e.g. House of Lords of the UK and Senate of France ...
Julian Jaynes (February 27, 1920 – November 21, 1997) was an American psychologist at Yale and Princeton for nearly 25 years, best known for his 1976 book The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. [1]
The Senate was re-instituted with the restoration of a bicameral Congress via a constitutional amendment in 1941, and via adoption of a new constitution in 1987. A previous government of Ireland (the 31st Dáil) promised a referendum on the abolition of its upper house, the Seanad Éireann, during the 24th Seanad session. By a narrow margin ...
Bicameral South Africa: Constitutional monarchy 1961 Parliament, by majority Bicameral Suriname: Military dictatorship 1987 Parliament, by majority Unicameral Republic of China (Taiwan) One-party military dictatorship: 1946 [note 8] Electoral college, directly elected by the electorate Tricameral Trinidad and Tobago: Constitutional monarchy 1976
In contrast to unicameralism, and bicameralism, multicameralism is the condition in which a legislature is divided into more than two deliberative assemblies, which are commonly called "chambers" or "houses". [1] [2] This usually includes tricameralism with three chambers, but can also describe a system with any amount more. The word ...
In a bicameral legislature, the two bodies are often referred to as an upper and a lower house, where the latter is often regarded as more particularly the representatives of the people. The lower house is almost always the originator of legislation , and the upper house is the body that offers the "second look" and decides whether to veto or ...