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Many models of communication include the idea that a sender encodes a message and uses a channel to transmit it to a receiver. Noise may distort the message along the way. The receiver then decodes the message and gives some form of feedback. [1] Models of communication simplify or represent the process of communication.
Data communication, including data transmission and data reception, is the transfer of data, transmitted and received over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. Examples of such channels are copper wires , optical fibers , wireless communication using radio spectrum , storage media and computer buses .
The ITU-T V-Series Recommendations on Data communication over the telephone network specify the protocols that govern approved modem communication standards and interfaces. [ 1 ] Note: the bis and ter suffixes are ITU-T standard designators of successive iterations of a standard ( bis and ter are the Latin words for "twice" and "thrice").
Analog Simultaneous Voice and Data, or ASVD, defined by the ITU-T V.61 standard. Data over signalling, or DoS, wherein data is multiplexed onto the signalling channel and voice is dedicated to the bearer channel. Combined voice and data, wherein the data is multiplexed with voice onto the bearer channel.
Maintaining synchronization becomes increasingly difficult as the number of users grows, leading to potential disruptions and communication errors if not managed effectively. Limited data rates: TDMA generally provides medium data rates compared to other multiple access techniques like CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). This limitation ...
Multimodal human-computer interaction involves natural communication with virtual and physical environments. It facilitates free and natural communication between users and automated systems, allowing flexible input (speech, handwriting, gestures) and output (speech synthesis, graphics). Multimodal fusion combines inputs from different ...
Concurrent programming languages and multiprocessor programs must have a consistency model (also known as a memory model). The consistency model defines rules for how operations on computer memory occur and how results are produced. One of the first consistency models was Leslie Lamport's sequential consistency model. Sequential consistency is ...
Multiple low data rate signals are multiplexed over a single high-data-rate link, then demultiplexed at the other end.. In telecommunications and computer networking, multiplexing (sometimes contracted to muxing) is a method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium.