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Moses ben Maimon [a] (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides (/ m aɪ ˈ m ɒ n ɪ d iː z /, my-MON-ih-deez) [b] and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam (Hebrew: רמב״ם), [c] was a Sephardic rabbi and philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages.
Maimonides deals with the problem of evil (for which people are considered to be responsible because of free will), trials and tests (especially those of Job and the story of the Binding of Isaac) as well as other aspects traditionally attached to God in theology, such as providence and omniscience: "Maimonides endeavors to show that evil has ...
Maimonides' attempt to synthesize philosophy with revelation followed similar attempts by Philo, Abraham ibn Daud and Saadia Gaon, but it arrived in Europe as Greek texts became more accessible to Christian scholars following the Sack of Constantinople and as the spread of universities challenged monasteries as the monopolies of scholarship.
Indeed, Maimonides quotes the Talmud in stating that one should study the Talmud for a third of one's study time. [ 7 ] The most sincere but influential opponent, whose comments are printed parallel to virtually all editions of the Mishneh Torah , was Rabbi Abraham ben David of Posquières (Raavad III, France, 12th century).
By the time of Maimonides, centers of Jewish learning and law were dispersed geographically. Judaism no longer had a central authority that might bestow official approval on any list of principles of faith. Maimonides' 13 principles evoked criticism from Crescas (c. 1340 – 1410/11) and from Joseph Albo (c. 1380 – 1444). They evoked ...
The Jewish angelic hierarchy is established in the Hebrew Bible, Talmud, Rabbinic literature, and traditional Jewish liturgy. They are categorized in different hierarchies proposed by various theologians. For example, Maimonides, in his Mishneh Torah or Yad ha-Chazakah: Yesodei ha-Torah, counts ten ranks of angels.
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