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A perched water table (or perched aquifer) is an aquifer that occurs above the regional water table. This occurs when there is an impermeable layer of rock or sediment (aquiclude) or relatively impermeable layer (aquitard) above the main water table/aquifer but below the land surface.
Definition. A perched water table is a localized zone of saturation that occurs above the main water table, created when an impermeable layer traps water in the upper soil layers. This phenomenon is significant in understanding groundwater dynamics as it influences water availability, soil moisture, and can impact local ecosystems.
A water table forms the lower boundary of the perched system (inverted triangles). The left well shows the presence of unconfined saturated perched conditions (perched groundwater flows into the well).
Perched water tables. A perched water table (Figure 1) is an accumulation of groundwater that is above the water table in the unsaturated zone. The groundwater is usually trapped above an impermeable soil layer, such as clay, and actually forms a lens of saturated material in the unsaturated zone.
A perched water table, also known as a perched aquifer, is an interesting and unique hydrological phenomenon that occurs when there is a layer of impermeable rock or sediment above the main water table.
This upper surface is called the water table. On the other hand, perched water tables may form on top of slowly permeable horizons which cover more permeable, unsaturated horizons with a water table at greater depth.
We review departures from the classical definition of the water table and consider the following phenomena: perched and inverted water tables, gas bubbles within the “saturated” zone below the water table, and water tables in dual (and multiple) porosity media.