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A British cartoon of 1923 satirising Atatürk's rule in Turkey. The Conference of Lausanne began on 21 November 1922. Turkey, represented by İsmet İnönü of the GNA, refused any proposal that would compromise Turkish sovereignty, [100] such as the control of Turkish finances, the Capitulations, the Straits and other issues.
Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey. 29 October Elected first president. 1928 9 August Speaks at Sarayburnu about the new Turkish alphabet. 1932 12 July Founds the Turkish Linguistic Society (now the Turkish Language Association). [2] 1934 16 June The Grand National Assembly of Turkey passes a law granting him the surname "ATATÜRK". 1938 10 ...
Ataturk: An intellectual biography (2011) Kazancigil, Ali and Ergun Özbudun. Ataturk: Founder of a Modern State (1982) 243pp; Ward, Robert, and Dankwart Rustow, eds. Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey (1964). Yavuz, M. Hakan. Islamic Political Identity in Turkey (2003) Zurcher, Erik. Turkey: A Modern History (2004)
The principle of etatism in Turkey is moderate etatism, as Atatürk called it. [18] According to this moderate etatism, although the Kemalist economy supported an eventual transformation into a free market economy based on individualism , the state can take over the places that the free market cannot or does not want to enter, but the state ...
1 November 1922: Abolition of the office of the Ottoman Sultan. 29 October 1923: Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey. 3 March 1924: Abolition of the office of Caliphate held by the Ottoman Caliphate. 25 November 1925: Change of headgear and dress. 30 November 1925: Closure of religious convents and dervish lodges.
Took office Left office Time in office Political party Previous office Parliamentary system (1923–2018) 1 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938) 1923: 29 October 1923: 10 November 1938 (Died in office) 15 years, 12 days CHP: 1st speaker of the Grand National Assembly: 1927: 1931: 1935 — Abdülhalik Renda (1881–1957) — 10 November 1938: 11 ...
A post on X shows Trump ally Steve Bannon stating that President-Elect Donald Trump can actually run for a third term as President by law. Verdict: False The 22nd amendment of the U.S ...
The office of the president of Turkey was established with the proclamation of the Republic of Türkiye on 29 October 1923, with the first president and founder being Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Traditionally, the presidency was mostly a ceremonial position, with real executive authority being exercised by the prime minister of Turkey .