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  2. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-neutrophil_cytoplasm...

    Immunofluorescence (IF) on ethanol-fixed neutrophils is used to detect ANCA, although formalin-fixed neutrophils may be used to help differentiate ANCA patterns. ANCA can be divided into four patterns when visualised by IF; cytoplasmic ANCA (c-ANCA), C-ANCA (atypical), perinuclear ANCA (p-ANCA) and atypical ANCA (a-ANCA), also known as x-ANCA. c-ANCA shows cytoplasmic granular fluorescence ...

  3. Proteinase 3 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinase_3

    Its exact role in the function of the neutrophil is unknown, but, in human neutrophils, proteinase 3 contributes to the proteolytic generation of antimicrobial peptides. It is also the target of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) of the c-ANCA ( cytoplasmic subtype) class, a type of antibody frequently found in the disease ...

  4. c-ANCA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-ANCA

    This pattern results from binding of ANCAs to antigen targets throughout the neutrophil cytoplasm, the most common protein target being proteinase 3 (PR3). For example, PR3 is the most common antigen target of ANCA in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. In active granulomatosis with polyangiitis, c-ANCA is found over 90% of the time ...

  5. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulomatosis_with...

    The risk of relapse is increased in people with GPA who test positive for anti-PR3 ANCA antibodies and is higher than the relapse risk for microscopic polyangiitis. [7] Today, medication toxicity is managed more carefully and long-term remissions are possible.

  6. Atrophic gastritis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophic_gastritis

    Recent research has shown that autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) is a result of the immune system attacking the parietal cells. [6]Environmental metaplastic atrophic gastritis (EMAG) is due to environmental factors, such as diet and H. pylori infection.

  7. Helicobacter pylori - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori

    Colonization induces an intense anti-inflammatory response as a first-line immune system defence. Phagocytic leukocytes and monocytes infiltrate the site of infection, and antibodies are produced. [104] H. pylori is able to adhere to the surface of the phagocytes and impede their action. This is responded to by the phagocyte in the generation ...

  8. Autoimmune pancreatitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_pancreatitis

    Autoimmune pancreatitis may cause a variety of symptoms and signs, which include pancreatic and biliary (bile duct) manifestations, as well as systemic effects of the disease. Two-thirds of patients present with either painless jaundice due to bile duct obstruction or a "mass" in the head of the pancreas, mimicking carcinoma.

  9. Primary sclerosing cholangitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_sclerosing_cholangitis

    Dark urine due to excess conjugated bilirubin, which is water-soluble and excreted by the kidneys (i.e. choluria) Malabsorption, especially of fat, and steatorrhea (fatty stool), due to an inadequate amount of bile reaching the small intestine, leading to decreased levels of the fat-soluble vitamins, A, D, E, and K.

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