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The Wars of the Roses were civil wars over the throne of the Kingdom of England fought among the descendants of King Edward III through his five surviving adult sons. [4] Each branch of the family had competing claims through seniority, legitimacy, and/or the sex of their ancestors, despite patriarchal rule of the day.
The Wars of the Roses, known at the time and in following centuries as the Civil Wars, were a series of civil wars fought over control of the English throne from 1455 to 1487. The wars were fought between supporters of the House of Lancaster and House of York , two rival cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet .
Richard also inherited Mortimer's claim to the throne, which he eventually raised, causing the Wars of the Roses. His widow, Anne, married, before 6 March 1427, John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter . She died on 20 or 24 September 1432, and was buried in the church of St Katharine's by the Tower .
Richard Welles, 7th Baron Welles (c.1428–1470), was an English nobleman and soldier. From a Lancastrian family, he came to be on good terms with the Yorkist King Edward IV, but was later executed after being associated with a plot against Edward known as the "Welles Uprising".
English royal families in the Wars of the Roses; Dukes (except Aquitaine) and Princes of Wales are noted, as are the monarchs' reigns. † =Killed in action; =Executed See also Family tree of English monarchs
The rivalry between the House of Plantagenet's two cadet branches of York and Lancaster brought about the Wars of the Roses, a decades-long fight for the English succession. It culminated in the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, when the reign of the Plantagenets and the English Middle Ages both met their end with the death of King Richard III.
Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (3 February 1393 – 22 May 1455) was an English nobleman and military commander in the lead up to the Wars of the Roses.He was the son of Henry "Hotspur" Percy, and the grandson of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland.
The Wars of the Roses began the following year, with the First Battle of St Albans. Initially, Richard aimed only to purge his Lancastrian political opponents from positions of influence over the king. It was not until October 1460 that he claimed the throne for the House of York.