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Croesus (/ ˈ k r iː s ə s / KREE-səs; Phrygian: Akriaewais; [1] Ancient Greek: Κροῖσος, romanized: Kroisos; Latin: Croesus; reigned: c. 585 – c. 546 BC [2]) was the king of Lydia, who reigned from 585 BC until his defeat by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 547 or 546 BC. [3] [2] According to Herodotus, he reigned 14 years.
Croesus besieged the city, but the Ephesians connected the walls with a rope extending to the sacred Artemisium and thus were spared. Consequently, Pindar was exiled and Ephesus made peace with Lydia, while Croesus is said to have regretted the sacrilege and thus became the main contributor to the reconstruction of the temple of Artemis. [25]
Around 550 BC, near the beginning of his reign, Croesus paid for the construction of the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, which became one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. Croesus was defeated in battle by Cyrus II of Persia in 546 BC, with the Lydian kingdom losing its autonomy and becoming a Persian satrapy.
A legend of the Late Middle Ages claims that some of the columns in the Hagia Sophia were taken from the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, but there is no truth to this story. [31] [32] The main primary sources for the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus are Pliny the Elder's Natural History, [33] writings by Pomponius Mela, [34] and Plutarch's Life of ...
652 Ephesus and Priene are sacked by Cimmerians; 651 Levantine War ends, Chalcis wins and annexes Levantine Plain; 650 The Pontic Pentapolis: Apollonia, Callatis, Mesembria (Nessebar), Odessos (Varna), and Tomis (Constanța), all on the Euxeinos Pontos. 650 Andros, Kea and Tenos gain independence from Eretria, Cypselus leaves Karystus
Date: 29 April 2013, 14:17:54: Source: Original picture: File:Map of Lydia ancient times.jpg; Info from these maps: Map 1 (brown): "middle of the 6th century at the time of King Croesus"
When they arrived at Sardis, they found the Greeks recently departed. So they followed their tracks back towards Ephesus. [43] They caught up with the Greeks outside Ephesus and the Greeks were forced to turn and prepare to fight. [43] Holland suggests that the Persians were primarily cavalry (hence their ability to catch up with the Greeks). [33]
Map of the Lydian Empire under Croesus, 6th century BC. Lydia, or Maeonia as it was called before 687 BC, was a major part of the history of western Anatolia, beginning with the Atyad dynasty, who first appeared around 1300 BC. Lydia was situated to the west of Phrygia and east of the Aegean settlement of Ionia.