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Hypoestrogenism, or estrogen deficiency, refers to a lower than normal level of estrogen. It is an umbrella term used to describe estrogen deficiency in various conditions. Estrogen deficiency is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, [1] and has been linked to diseases like urinary tract infections [2] and osteoporosis.
[98] [99] The metabolic clearance rates and hence blood half-lives of estrogen conjugates like estrone sulfate are much longer than those of estradiol and estrone. [ 10 ] [ 12 ] [ 91 ] Estrogen conjugates, primarily estrone sulfate, serve as a large circulating reservoir for estradiol, and because of this, they function to greatly extend the ...
Estradiol is an estrogen, or an agonist of the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). [1] [2] [6] In one study, the EC 50 Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration value of estradiol for the human ERα was 50 pM (0.05 nM) and for the human ERβ was 200 pM (0.2 nM).
A 2021 study found that yogurt could help reduce blood pressure due to its high concentration of micronutrients calcium, magnesium and potassium, which are all associated with a lower risk of ...
Like other blood pressure drugs, it can cause side effects including dizziness, lightheadedness and headaches. In older women taking it, or those with certain medical conditions, potassium levels ...
9 Tips to Lower Blood Pressure. If you have high blood pressure, your first instinct might be to ask about blood pressure medications. While these drugs can help, there are also natural ways to ...
The ERβ signaling pathway plays a role in both vasodilation and arterial dilation, which contributes to an individual having a healthy heart rate and a decrease in blood pressure. This regulation can increase endothelial function and arterial perfusion , both of which are important to myocyte health.
[10] [2] At the physiological level, menopause happens because of a decrease in the ovaries' production of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. [1] While typically not needed, measuring hormone levels in the blood or urine can confirm a diagnosis. [11] Menopause is the opposite of menarche, the time when periods start. [12]