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This article lists a number of common generic forms in place names in the British Isles, their meanings and some examples of their use. The study of place names is called toponymy ; for a more detailed examination of this subject in relation to British and Irish place names, refer to Toponymy in the United Kingdom and Ireland .
A. D. Mills, A Dictionary of British Place Names, Oxford Paperback Reference (2003). W. F. H. Nicolaisen, Old European names in Britain, Nomina 6 pp37–42 (1982. P. H. Reaney, The Origin of English Place Names (1960). A. Room, A Concise Dictionary of Modern Place Names in Great Britain (1983).
The breakdown of the estimates given in this work into the modern populations of Britain determined that the population of eastern England is consistent with 38% Anglo-Saxon ancestry on average, with a large spread from 25 to 50%, and the Welsh and Scottish samples are consistent with 30% Anglo-Saxon ancestry on average, again with a large spread.
Other place-names are hybrids of Celtic and Anglo-Saxon elements. There is a high level of personal names within the place names, presumably the names of local landowners at the time of naming. In the north and east, there are many place names of Norse origin; similarly, these contain many personal names.
The historiography on the Anglo-Saxon migration into Britain has tried to explain how there was a widespread change from Romano-British to Anglo-Saxon cultures in the area roughly corresponding to present-day England between the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and the eighth century, a time when there were scant historical records.
3.1 Shire names in England. ... It was first used in Wessex from the beginning of Anglo-Saxon settlement, ... In England and Wales, when shire is a place-name suffix, ...
A "-wich town" is a settlement in Anglo-Saxon England characterised by extensive artisanal activity and trade – an "emporium". The name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon suffix -wīc, signifying "a dwelling [1] or fortified [2] place". Such settlements were usually coastal [citation needed] and many have left material traces found during ...
The word shares a root with the Germanic word that survives in English as heath.Both descend from a root */kait-/, which developed as Common Celtic */kaito-/ > Common Brittonic and Gaulish */kɛːto-/ > Old Welsh coit > Middle and Modern Welsh coed, Old Cornish cuit > Middle Cornish co(y)s > Cornish cos, Old Breton cot, coet > Middle Breton koed > Breton koad.