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  2. Geographic coordinate conversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate...

    degrees and decimal minutes: 40° 26.767′ N 79° 58.933′ W; decimal degrees: +40.446 -79.982; There are 60 minutes in a degree and 60 seconds in a minute. Therefore, to convert from a degrees minutes seconds format to a decimal degrees format, one may use the formula

  3. Bearing (navigation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(navigation)

    Relative bearing refers to the angle between the craft's forward direction and the location of another object. For example, an object relative bearing of 0 degrees would be immediately in front; an object relative bearing 180 degrees would be behind. [2] Bearings can be measured in mils, points, or degrees.

  4. Points of the compass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Points_of_the_compass

    32-point compass rose. The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography.A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each separated by 90 degrees, and secondarily divided by four ordinal (intercardinal) directions—northeast, southeast, southwest, and ...

  5. Decimal degrees - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_degrees

    Decimal degrees (DD) is a notation for expressing latitude and longitude geographic coordinates as decimal fractions of a degree. DD are used in many geographic information systems (GIS), web mapping applications such as OpenStreetMap , and GPS devices.

  6. Longitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude

    A geographical mile is defined to be the length of one minute of arc along the equator (one equatorial minute of longitude) therefore a degree of longitude along the equator is exactly 60 geographical miles or 111.3 kilometers, as there are 60 minutes in a degree. The length of 1 minute of longitude along the equator is 1 geographical mile or 1 ...

  7. Clock position - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_position

    This assignment was the creation of the 360-degree circle, as the degree went from being a time division to an angular distance of rotation. Time-degrees were all the same (one is about 4 minutes of modern time). The second-order digit counted the degrees that had gone by in the hour, notwithstanding the fact that its number of degrees were ...

  8. Nautical chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_chart

    Positions of places shown on the chart can be measured from the longitude and latitude scales on the borders of the chart, relative to a geodetic datum such as WGS 84. A bearing is the angle between the line joining the two points of interest and the line from one of the points to the north, such as a ship's course or a compass reading to a ...

  9. Geographic coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system

    A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used type of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.