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The history of copper use dates to 9000 BC in the Middle East; [89] a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. [90] Evidence suggests that gold and meteoric iron (but not smelted iron) were the only metals used by humans before copper. [91]
The earliest gold artifacts were discovered at the site of Wadi Qana in the Levant. [13] Silver is estimated to have been discovered in Asia Minor shortly after copper and gold. [14] There is evidence that iron was known from before 5000 BC. [15] The oldest known iron objects used by humans are some beads of meteoric iron, made in Egypt in ...
Copper was probably the first metal mined and crafted by humans. [6] It was originally obtained as a native metal and later from the smelting of ores. Earliest estimates of the discovery of copper suggest around 9000 BC in the Middle East. It was one of the most important materials to humans throughout the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages.
Reconstruction of Ötzi's copper axe (c. 3300 BCE). The Copper Age, also called the Eneolithic or the Chalcolithic Age, has been traditionally understood as a transitional period between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, in which a gradual introduction of the metal (native copper) took place, while stone was still the main resource utilized.
The first evidence of this extractive metallurgy dates from the 6th and 5th millennia BC, and was found in the archaeological sites of the Vinča culture, Majdanpek, Jarmovac and Pločnik in Serbia. [9] The earliest copper smelting is found at the Belovode site; [10] these examples include a copper axe from 5500 BC. [11]
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It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; [1] a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. [2] There is evidence that gold and meteoric iron (but not iron smelting) were the only metals used by humans before copper. [3]
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