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Representative lifetimes of stars as a function of their masses The change in size with time of a Sun-like star Artist's depiction of the life cycle of a Sun-like star, starting as a main-sequence star at lower left then expanding through the subgiant and giant phases, until its outer envelope is expelled to form a planetary nebula at upper right Chart of stellar evolution
Russell's early (1913) versions of the diagram included Maury's giant stars identified by Hertzsprung, those nearby stars with parallaxes measured at the time, stars from the Hyades (a nearby open cluster), and several moving groups, for which the moving cluster method could be used to derive distances and thereby obtain absolute magnitudes for ...
In the field of stellar evolution, a blue loop is a stage in the life of an evolved star where it changes from a cool star to a hotter one before cooling again. The name derives from the shape of the evolutionary track on a Hertzsprung–Russell diagram which forms a loop towards the blue (i.e. hotter) side of the diagram, to a place called the ...
These stars are only 5–10 times the radius of the Sun (R ☉), compared to red giants which are up to 300 R ☉. The coolest and least luminous stars referred to as blue giants are on the horizontal branch, intermediate-mass stars that have passed through a red giant phase and are now burning helium in their cores.
In more massive stars, helium is produced in a cycle of reactions catalyzed by carbon called the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle. [210] In evolved stars with cores at 100 million kelvin and masses between 0.5 and 10 M ☉, helium can be transformed into carbon in the triple-alpha process that uses the intermediate element beryllium: [210]
GOOG Free Cash Flow (Quarterly) data by YCharts So, Alphabet remains a top stock to buy and hold well beyond next year. 2. Veeva Systems. Veeva Systems provides cloud-related services to companies ...
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