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The lists are commonly used in economics literature to compare the levels of ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious fractionalization in different countries. [1] [2] Fractionalization is the probability that two individuals drawn randomly from the country's groups are not from the same group (ethnic, religious, or whatever the criterion is).
While some countries make classifications based on broad ancestry groups or characteristics such as skin color (e.g., the white ethnic category in the United States and some other countries), other countries use various ethnic, cultural, linguistic, or religious factors for classification. Ethnic groups may be subdivided into subgroups, which ...
On page 205 of Fearon's article, the author highlights that he coded "only ethnic groups that make up over 1 percent of country population". PNG was made up of "several thousand separate communities, most with only a few hundred people".
Ethnic groups in the Federated States of Micronesia (4 P) Ethnic groups in Moldova (8 C, 9 P) Ethnic groups in Monaco (3 C) Ethnic groups in Mongolia (5 C, 29 P)
Like Chandra, James Fearon and David Laitin acknowledge the necessity of descent as a basis for ethnic identity membership rules. [27] They nonetheless differ in one noteworthy respect: Fearon and Laitin's approach places a premium on "cultural attributes," a concept which entails traditions, historical memories and legacies, religious and spiritual beliefs, etc. [28] In regard to changing ...
Officially recognized ethnic groups receive or have received certain benefits over Han Chinese under the regional ethnic autonomy system, including affirmative action, exemptions from the one-child policy, designated seats in political organs and government support to preserve their culture.
Various groups fled in large numbers from areas under Axis control during World War II, or after the border changes following the war, and formed their own diasporas. Only a few larger sized ethnic groups and nationalities were able to restore autonomy after the fall of Communism and the disbanding of the Soviet Union (1990–91).
The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups.There has been constant debate over the classification of ethnic groups.Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared ancestry, history, homeland, language or dialect and cultural heritage; where the term "culture" specifically includes aspects such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing (clothing) style and ...