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Graph theory is also used to study molecules in chemistry and physics. In condensed matter physics , the three-dimensional structure of complicated simulated atomic structures can be studied quantitatively by gathering statistics on graph-theoretic properties related to the topology of the atoms.
An ordered pair of vertices, such as an edge in a directed graph. An arrow (x, y) has a tail x, a head y, and a direction from x to y; y is said to be the direct successor to x and x the direct predecessor to y. The arrow (y, x) is the inverted arrow of the arrow (x, y). articulation point A vertex in a connected graph whose removal would ...
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, the line graph of an undirected graph G is another graph L(G) that represents the adjacencies between edges of G. L(G) is constructed in the following way: for each edge in G, make a vertex in L(G); for every two edges in G that have a vertex in common, make an edge between their corresponding vertices in L(G).
Placing position on the y-axis and time on the x-axis, the slope of the curve is given by: = =. Here is the position of the object, and is the time. Therefore, the slope of the curve gives the change in position divided by the change in time, which is the definition of the average velocity for that interval of time on the graph.
In mathematics and physics, the right-hand rule is a convention and a mnemonic, utilized to define the orientation of axes in three-dimensional space and to determine the direction of the cross product of two vectors, as well as to establish the direction of the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
Vertical line of equation x = a Horizontal line of equation y = b. Each solution (x, y) of a linear equation + + = may be viewed as the Cartesian coordinates of a point in the Euclidean plane. With this interpretation, all solutions of the equation form a line, provided that a and b are not both zero. Conversely, every line is the set of all ...
Starting from the graph of f, a horizontal translation means composing f with a function , for some constant number a, resulting in a graph consisting of points (, ()) . Each point ( x , y ) {\displaystyle (x,y)} of the original graph corresponds to the point ( x + a , y ) {\displaystyle (x+a,y)} in the new graph ...
A metric graph embedded in the plane with three open edges. The dashed line denotes the metric distance between two points and .. A metric graph is a graph consisting of a set of vertices and a set of edges where each edge = (,) has been associated with an interval [,] so that is the coordinate on the interval, the vertex corresponds to = and to = or vice versa.