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The equivalence principle is the hypothesis that the observed equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is a consequence of nature. The weak form, known for centuries, relates to masses of any composition in free fall taking the same trajectories and landing at identical times.
Mass–energy equivalence states that all objects having mass, or massive objects, have a corresponding intrinsic energy, even when they are stationary.In the rest frame of an object, where by definition it is motionless and so has no momentum, the mass and energy are equal or they differ only by a constant factor, the speed of light squared (c 2).
It can be found that the weak van der Waals interaction leads to shallow attractive energy wells (<10 meV). One of the experimental methods for exploring physisorption potential energy is the scattering process, for instance, inert gas atoms scattered from metal surfaces.
For the weak equivalence principle of general relativity to be correct, it is required that the two substances display identical gravitational properties. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The findings rule out a 'repulsive [antigravity]', as previously theorized by some in the field.
Conversely, energy is released when a nucleus is created from free nucleons or other nuclei: the nuclear binding energy. Because of mass–energy equivalence (i.e. Einstein's formula E = mc 2), releasing this energy causes the mass of the nucleus to be lower than the total mass of the individual nucleons, leading to the so-called "mass defect". [6]
Weak equivalence (formal languages) See also. Weak equivalence principle This page was last edited on 27 May 2024 ...
The weak interaction has a coupling constant (an indicator of how frequently interactions occur) between 10 −7 and 10 −6, compared to the electromagnetic coupling constant of about 10 −2 and the strong interaction coupling constant of about 1; [13] consequently the weak interaction is "weak" in terms of intensity. [14]
The external field effect implies a fundamental break with the strong equivalence principle (but not necessarily the weak equivalence principle). The effect was postulated by Milgrom in the first of his 1983 papers to explain why some open clusters were observed to have no mass discrepancy even though their internal accelerations were below a 0 ...