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Collective memory has been conceptualized in several ways and proposed to have certain attributes. For instance, collective memory can refer to a shared body of knowledge (e.g., memory of a nation's past leaders or presidents); [6] [7] [8] the image, narrative, values and ideas of a social group; or the continuous process by which collective memories of events change.
Maurice Halbwachs (French: [mɔˈʁis ˈalbvaks]; 11 March 1877 – 16 March 1945) was a French philosopher and sociologist known for developing the concept of collective memory. Halbwachs also contributed to the sociology of knowledge with his La Topographie Legendaire des Évangiles en Terre Sainte ; study of the spatial infrastructure of the ...
Accordingly, the following issues are encompassed within Schwartz's academic focus: the extent of collective memory's variation between and within generations; memory as an antidote to distorted history; reality as a limit to constructed memories; memory as a source of unity and conflict; the continuity of memory in the face of social change ...
National memory is a form of collective memory defined by shared experiences and culture. It is an integral part to national identity . It represents one specific form of cultural memory , which makes an essential contribution to national group cohesion .
While studies of "collected" memory examine "the aggregated individual memories of members of a group," studies of "collective" memory turn to "collective phenomena sui generis"—representations of the past that exist outside the confines of individual minds (e.g., memorials, speeches).
From 2012 to 2018 he also served as vice chancellor for international relations at Washington University in St. Louis. A professor of sociocultural anthropology, Wertsch studies national narratives and memory, collective memory and identity, especially in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union, as well as in the United States. [3]
The term "collective unconscious" first appeared in Jung's 1916 essay, "The Structure of the Unconscious". [4] This essay distinguishes between the "personal", Freudian unconscious, filled with sexual fantasies and repressed images, and the "collective" unconscious encompassing the soul of humanity at large.
[1] [2] [3] The collective mental state forms the basis for individual reflection, juxtaposed with the collective state, that leads to realizations about emotions, states of being, and individuality. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The collective mental state is made of conscious minds and may therefore be a more complex version of something like a stampede ...