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Offset printing is a common printing technique in which the inked image is transferred (or "offset") from a plate to a rubber blanket and then to the printing surface. When used in combination with the lithographic process, which is based on the repulsion of oil and water , the offset technique employs a flat ( planographic ) image carrier.
Lithography and offset lithography are planographic processes that rely on the property that water will not mix with oil. The image is created by applying a tusche (greasy substance) to a plate or stone. The term lithography comes from litho, for stone, and -graph to draw. Certain parts of the semi-absorbent surface being printed on can be made ...
[8] [9] Offset printing or "offset lithography" is an elaboration of lithography in which the ink is transferred from the plate to the paper indirectly by means of a rubber plate or cylinder, rather than by direct contact. This technique keeps the paper dry and allows fully automated high-speed operation.
In the offset lithography process, the mechanicals would be photographed with a stat camera to create a same-size film negative for each printing plate required. Paste up relied on phototypesetting, a process that would generate "cold type" on photographic paper that usually took the form of long columns of text.
Rotary letterpress printing was used in the mid-twentieth century to print most major newspapers. In offset lithography , the image is chemically applied to a plate, generally through exposure of photosensitive layers on the plate material.
Waterless printing is an offset lithographic printing process that eliminates the use of water or the dampening system used in conventional printing. [1] Unlike traditional printing presses, waterless offset presses do not use a dampening solution to clear the press of ink . [ 2 ]
Gravure printing of electronic structures on paper. Printed electronics is a set of printing methods used to create electrical devices on various substrates. Printing typically uses common printing equipment suitable for defining patterns on material, such as screen printing, flexography, gravure, offset lithography, and inkjet.
Offset printing replaced chromolithography in the late 1930s. To find or purchase a lithograph, some suggest searching for examples with the original frame as well as the publisher's stamp. [18] Both European and American chromolithographs can still be found, and can range in cost from hundreds to thousands of dollars.