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Aquaporins are membrane-bound channels and regulate the flux of water into and out of cells. Relative to simple diffusion, they increases water permeability 3– to 10-fold. [ 11 ] The two types of aquaporins expressed in the CNS are aquaporin-1, which is expressed by specialized epithelial cells of the choroid plexus , and aquaporin-4 (AQP4 ...
Cerebral edema is commonly seen in a variety of brain injuries including ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, subdural, epidural, or intracerebral hematoma, hydrocephalus, brain cancer, brain infections, low blood sodium levels, high altitude, and acute liver failure.
The brain produces roughly 500 mL of cerebrospinal fluid per day at a rate of about 20 mL an hour. [18] This transcellular fluid is constantly reabsorbed, so that only 125–150 mL is present at any one time. [1] CSF volume is higher on a mL per kg body weight basis in children compared to adults.
Photoreceptors are the cells that convert light to electric signals that travel to the brain so you can see. Rod cells, or photoreceptors that respond best to dim light, are located mostly in the ...
In brain tissue, a biochemical cascade known as the ischemic cascade is triggered when the tissue becomes ischemic, potentially resulting in damage to and the death of brain cells. Medical professionals must take steps to maintain proper CBF in patients who have conditions like shock , stroke , cerebral edema , and traumatic brain injury .
Researchers are uncovering deeper insights into how the human brain ages and what factors may be tied to successful cognitive aging ((is successful the best word to use? seems like we’ll all do ...
The cells in the brain may swell to the point where blood flow is interrupted resulting in cerebral edema. Swollen brain cells may also apply pressure to the brain stem causing central nervous system dysfunction. Both cerebral edema and interference with the central nervous system are dangerous and could result in seizures, brain damage, coma ...
Despite the reduced brain matter, the man lived a relatively normal life; he was a married civil servant with two kids. He also scored an IQ of 75 which is considered low but not disabled.