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Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pathogenic, encapsulated coccobacillus bacterium of the genus Bordetella, and the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. Its virulence factors include pertussis toxin , adenylate cyclase toxin , filamentous haemagglutinin , pertactin , fimbria , and tracheal cytotoxin .
Molecular structure of pertussis toxin complex (protein) highlighting alpha helices and beta pleated sheets. Also including the 5 different sub-units. The most thoroughly studied of the Bordetella species are B. bronchiseptica, B. pertussis and B. parapertussis, and the pathogenesis of respiratory disease caused by these bacteria has been reviewed.
Whooping cough (/ ˈ h uː p ɪ ŋ / or / ˈ w uː p ɪ ŋ /), also known as pertussis or the 100-day cough, is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable bacterial disease. [1] [10] Initial symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose, fever, and mild cough, but these are followed by two or three months of severe coughing fits. [1]
Pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB 5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, [2] which causes whooping cough. PT is involved in the colonization of the respiratory tract and the establishment of infection. [ 3 ]
The development of attachment pili may then result in the development of further virulence traits. Fimbriae are one of the primary mechanisms of virulence for E. coli, Bordetella pertussis, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus bacteria. Their presence greatly enhances the bacteria's ability to attach to the host and cause disease. [31]
Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus responsible for causing whooping cough. Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes plague, is also coccobacillus. [26] Coxiella burnetti is also a coccobacillus. [27] [28] Bacteria from the genus Brucella are medically important coccobacilli that cause brucellosis.
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a small, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Bordetella. [1] It can cause infectious bronchitis in dogs and other animals, [ 2 ] but rarely infects humans. [ 3 ]
PRN is purified from Bordetella pertussis and is used for the vaccine production as one of the important components of acellular pertussis vaccine. [2] A large part of the N-terminus of the pertactin protein is composed of beta helix repeats. [3] This region of the pertactin protein is secreted through the C-terminal autotransporter.