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Burns shifted the focus of leadership studies from the traits and actions of great men to the interaction of leaders and their constituencies as collaborators working toward mutual benefit. [8] He was best known for his contributions to the transactional, transformational, aspirational, and visionary schools of leadership theory.
Rustow stated that the experience of the social democratic parties of Europe could not be generalized for other political parties. [16] Josiah Ober argues in Democracy and Knowledge that the experience of ancient Athens shows Michels's argument does not hold true; Athens was a large participatory democracy, yet it outperformed its hierarchical ...
Robert Alan Dahl (/ d ɑː l /; December 17, 1915 – February 5, 2014) was an American political theorist and Sterling Professor of Political Science at Yale University.. He established the pluralist theory of democracy—in which political outcomes are enacted through competitive, if unequal, interest groups—and introduced "polyarchy" as a descriptor of actual democratic governance.
The approach, developed by Kurt Lewin, is a significant contribution to the fields of social science, psychology, social psychology, organizational development, process management, and change management. [11] His theory was expanded by John R. P. French who related it to organizational and industrial settings.
Weber also formulated a three-component theory of stratification that contained the conceptually distinct elements of social class, social status, and political party. [256] This distinction was most clearly described in his essay "The Distribution of Power Within the Gemeinschaft : Classes, Stände , Parties", which was first published in his ...
This bloc forms the basis of consent to a certain social order, which produces and re-produces the hegemony of the dominant class through a nexus of institutions, social relations, and ideas. [48] In this way, Gramsci's theory emphasized the importance of the political and ideological superstructure in both maintaining and fracturing relations ...
Schmitt concludes Theory of the Partisan with the statement: "The theory of the partisan flows into the question of the concept of the political, into the question of the real enemy and of a new nomos of the earth." [62] Schmitt's work on the Partisan has since spurred comparisons with the post-9/11 'terrorist' in recent scholarship. [63]
Reason, Social Myths, and Democracy, 1940. The Hero in History: A Study in Limitation and Possibility, 1943. Education for Modern Man, 1946. John Dewey: Philosopher of Science and Freedom, Hook, editor, 1950. Heresy, Yes–Conspiracy, No, 1953 (originally published as soft-back in 1952 by American Committee for Cultural Freedom [33])