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Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, complex, premalignant (1% transformation risk) condition of the oral cavity, characterized by juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues (the lamina propria and deeper connective tissues). As the disease progresses, the oral mucosa becomes fibrotic to the ...
[3] [5] Use of Areca nut is associated with oral submucous fibrosis. [3] An appearance termed Betel chewer's mucosa describes morsicatio buccarum with red-staining of mucosa due to betel quid ingredients. [3] In Scandinavian countries, snus, a variant of dry snuff, is sometimes used. [6]
Some oral cancers begin as white patches (leukoplakia), red patches (erythroplakia) or mixed red and white patches (erythroleukoplakia or "speckled leukoplakia"). Other common premalignant lesions include oral submucous fibrosis and actinic cheilitis. [43] In the Indian subcontinent oral submucous fibrosis is very common due to betel nut ...
Fibrosis reversal Historically, fibrosis was considered an irreversible process. However, several recent studies have demonstrated reversal in liver and lung tissue, [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] and in cases of renal, [ 17 ] myocardial, [ 18 ] and oral-submucosal fibrosis.
Oral submucous fibrosis; Pachydermodactyly; Palisaded encapsulated neuroma; Paraneoplastic syndrome; Pearly penile papules (hirsuties coronae glandis, hirsutoid papillomas) Peyronie's disease (induratio penis plastica) Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis; Piloleiomyoma; Plantar fibromatosis (Ledderhose's disease) Pleomorphic fibroma; Pleomorphic lipoma
Rarely, trismus is a symptom of nasopharyngeal or infratemporal tumors/ fibrosis of temporalis tendon, when patient has limited mouth opening, always premalignant conditions like oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) should also be considered in differential diagnosis.
Oral leukoplakia is a potentially malignant disorder affecting the oral mucosa. It is defined as "essentially an oral mucosal white/gray lesion that cannot be considered as any other definable lesion." Oral leukoplakia is a gray patch or plaque that develops in the oral cavity and is strongly associated with smoking. [8]
Chewing areca nuts is a cause of oral submucous fibrosis, a condition which may progress to mouth cancer. [27] It has also been linked to throat cancer. [28] When chewed with additional tobacco in its preparation (like in gutka), there is an even higher risk for cancer, especially for oral and oropharyngeal cancers. [29]