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Many methods allow the synthesis of metal carboxylates. From preformed carboxylic acid, the following routes have been demonstrated: [5] acid-base reactions: L n MOR' + RCO 2 H → L n MO 2 CR + R'OH protonolysis: L n Malkyl + RCO 2 H → L n MO 2 CR + alkane oxidative addition: L n M + RCO 2 H → L n (H)MO 2 CR
A notable exception is carbonic acid, (H 2 CO 3). [4] Commonly seen as the "fizz" in carbonated beverages, carbonic acid will spontaneously decompose over time into carbon dioxide and water. The reaction is written as: H 2 CO 3 → H 2 O + CO 2. Other carbonates will decompose when heated to produce their corresponding metal oxide and carbon ...
In organic chemistry, the Arndt–Eistert reaction is the conversion of a carboxylic acid to its homologue. It is named for the German chemists Fritz Arndt (1885–1969) and Bernd Eistert (1902–1978). The method entails treating an acid chlorides with diazomethane. It is a popular method of producing β-amino acids from α-amino acids. [1]
Chemical reactions such as combustion in fire, fermentation and the reduction of ores to metals were known since antiquity. Initial theories of transformation of materials were developed by Greek philosophers, such as the Four-Element Theory of Empedocles stating that any substance is composed of the four basic elements – fire, water, air and ...
Structure of an octahedral metal aquo complex. Chromium(II) ion in aqueous solution. Most aquo complexes are mono-nuclear, with the general formula [M(H 2 O) 6] n+, with n = 2 or 3; they have an octahedral structure. The water molecules function as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the metal ion and forming a dative covalent bond ...
Many acids can function as sources for the protons. Acid used for acid catalysis include hydrofluoric acid (in the alkylation process), phosphoric acid, toluenesulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonate, heteropoly acids, zeolites. Strong acids catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of esters, e.g. for processing fats into biodiesel. In ...
Condensation reactions likely played major roles in the synthesis of the first biotic molecules including early peptides and nucleic acids.In fact, condensation reactions would be required at multiple steps in RNA oligomerization: the condensation of nucleobases and sugars, nucleoside phosphorylation, and nucleotide polymerization.
Mineral acids range from superacids (such as perchloric acid) to very weak ones (such as boric acid). Mineral acids tend to be very soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents. Mineral acids are used in many sectors of the chemical industry as feedstocks for the synthesis of other chemicals, both organic and inorganic.