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uMkhonto weSizwe (Xhosa pronunciation: [um̩ˈkʰonto we ˈsizwe]; abbreviated MK; lit. ' Spear of the Nation ') was the paramilitary wing of the African National Congress (ANC), founded by Nelson Mandela in the wake of the Sharpeville massacre. Its mission was to fight against the South African government to bring an end to its racist policies ...
In the early years of its armed resistance campaign, the African National Congress and its armed wing, uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), used whatever arms and war materiel it could lay its hands on. ANC members in exile became adept at building home-made explosives, including time bombs, from materials the movement could acquire from commercial sources. [1]
Umkhonto weSizwe (MK) was the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC) during apartheid.After being banned by the South African government in 1960, both the ANC and MK operated primarily in exile elsewhere in Southern Africa, where large numbers of young South Africans received military training to conduct armed struggle against the apartheid government – primarily sabotage ...
Flag Marutle Boshielo (born 1920; disappeared 20 August 1970) was a South African anti-apartheid activist, trade unionist, and communist.He went into exile with the African National Congress (ANC) after the party was banned in 1960 and served as political commissar of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) from 1969 until his disappearance in 1970.
The Service Medal in Gold is a silver-gilt oval medallion with a raised edge, depicting the Umkhonto we Sizwe emblem. [1] [7] [8] [9] Reverse. The reverse is smooth and displays the embellished pre-1994 South African Coat of Arms, with silver hallmarks impressed below and the medal number impressed above. [7] [8] Ribbon
In June 1961, the uMkhonto we Sizwe (abbreviated as MK) had been set up by the ANC to coordinate underground militant activity throughout South Africa. By the end of 1962 the ANC established an MK high command consisting of Mandela, Sisulu, Govan Mbeki , Raymond Mhlaba , and prominent South African Communist Party (SACP) activist Joe Slovo . [ 41 ]
Following the Soweto Uprising, the apartheid South African regime would mark Nxumalo as a threat. As a result, Nxumalo, like many others, would leave South Africa in exile. [3] While in exile, Nxumalo would join the ranks of ANC's Umkhonto weSizwe and the Communist Party. He would Dedicate time to the liberation movement in Mozambique and Tanzania.
He was imprisoned for six months in 1960, and emerged as a leader of uMkhonto we Sizwe the following year. He lived in exile from 1963 to 1990, conducting operations against the apartheid régime from the United Kingdom, Angola, Mozambique, and Zambia. In 1990, he returned to South Africa, and took part in the negotiations that ended apartheid.